Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Cite this measure View Measure| General information | |
| Purpose | The PANAS consists of two 10-item scales that are respectively designed to measure positive and negative affect in adult and clinical samples. |
| Domain(s) | Life Satisfaction Positive Affect |
| Target population | Adult |
| Number of items | 20 |
| Administration format | self-report |
| Additional formats | |
| Alternate forms | PANAS-C: designed to measure the mood of school-aged children., PANAS-SF: a short-form and more concise version of the original model., I-PANAS-SF: a short-form version designed for international use, whereby the words used have less room for ambiguity., PANAS-X: an expanded version of the original made up of 60 words. Despite containing 60 words, the assessment can still be undertaken in less than 10 minutes. |
| Availability in other languages | Estonian, German, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Italian, Chinese |
| Fee for use | |
| Free | |
| Related information on use of the measure | |
A copy of the PANAS can be found here. |
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| Non-exhaustive list of psychometric studies | |
Buz, J., Pérez-Arechaederra, D., Fernández-Pulido, R., & Urchaga, D. (2015). Factorial structure and measurement invariance of the PANAS in Spanish older adults. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, E3. doi:10.1017/sjp.2015.6 Flores-Kanter, P. E., Garrido, L. E., Moretti, L. S., & Medrano, L. A. (2021). A modern network approach to revisiting the positive and negative affective schedule (PANAS) construct validity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(10), 2370-2404. doi:10.1002/jclp.23191 Heubeck, B. G., & Boulter, E. (2021). PANAS models of positive and negative affectivity for adolescent boys. Psychological Reports, 124(1), 240-247. doi:10.1177/0033294120905512 Medvedev, O. N., Roemer, A., Krägeloh, C. U., Sandham, M. H., & Siegert, R. J. (2021). Enhancing the precision of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) using Rasch analysis. Current Psychology, doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01556-3 Merz, E. L., Malcarne, V. L., Roesch, S. C., Ko, C. M., Emerson, M., Roma, V. G., & Sadler, G. R. (2013). Psychometric properties of positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) original and short forms in an African American community sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(3), 942-949. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.011 Serafini, K., Malin-Mayor, B., Nich, C., Hunkele, K., & Carroll, K. M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) in a heterogeneous sample of substance users. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 42(2), 203-212. doi:10.3109/00952990.2015.1133632 Villodas, F., Villodas, M. T., & Roesch, S. (2011). Examining the factor structure of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) in a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 44(4), 193-203. doi:10.1177/0748175611414721 Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 |
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| Additional information | |